ALL about CSS exam

• What is CSS?
• Who is eligible to appear for the exam?
• Whether females are eligible for the posts announced by the Commission?
• What is the fee for the exam?
• How many subjects do I need to choose?
• How many attempts can I make?
• Would my subject combination affect my choice of any occupational group?
• How should I select the subject?
• What are the compulsory and optional subjects?
• At which centres exams are held?
• When and for how many groups the exam is held?
• What is the format of the exam?
• What sort of preparation is required for Psychological and are there any marks for Psychological Assessment?
• What is the Recruitment Policy?
• What is the further procedure After selection?
• What are the address, phone numbers and email address of FPSC, it's regional branch offices and Information centres?

What is CSS?
The Public Service Commission was set up for the first time in British India in 1926. After independence, the Commission was established in Pakistan in 1947 under the provision of Government of India Act, 1935. At present, the commission is functioning under article 242of the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. It has been provided autonomy under the Rules of Business, 1973 and FPSC Regulations, 1978 in its working. The Commission has also been given administrative as well as, to some extent, financial autonomy to perform its functions independently.
Who is eligible to appear for the exam? To apply for CSS Examination, a candidate should be;

• A citizen of Pakistan.
• Must hold at least a Bachelors Degree with the second division in any Faculty/Discipline from one of the Pakistani Universities or an equivalent degree or comparable educational qualifications of a foreign University.
• No candidate who has obtained a Third Division (or ‘D’ grade where result is declared under Semester System) in his Bachelor’s Degree will be eligible for the Examination except in cases where he/she has obtained a higher Division in Master’s Degree.
• The age limit for admission in CSS Examination is 21-28 years, which is relaxable upto 2 years for those who are already in Government Service and have completed 2 years service. The relaxation is also available to candidates belonging to certain remote areas as defined by Government.

Whether females are eligible for the posts announced by the Commission? For CSS - they are eligible. What is the fee for the exam? The current fee is Rs. 1000/. How many subjects do I need to choose? Subjects carrying 600 marks are compulsory while you have to choose subjects carrying 600 marks among optional subjects.

How many attempts can I make?
You can make not more than three (03) attempts for the CSS exam. Would my subject combination affect my choice of any occupational group?
No, your subject combination does not affect your choice for any specific occupational group. You can chose any subjects and be considered for any group according to your marks and merit. How should I select the subject?
For subject selection, keep in mind the following points:

• Try to have the subjects that you have studied before.
• Don’t ever go for “that easy subject”, try to find out its scoring value.
• Previous statistics show that subjects with 100 marks give more score than subjects with 200 marks.
• Science subjects are more scoring than their arts counterparts.
• People even have scored 2 marks in some subjects like Constitutional Law because they thought it was too easy.
• Languages are usually high scoring subjects.
• Indo-Pak History does not usually result in a high score--avoiding it as generally helpful.
• However, other history subjects have better scoring averages.

What are the compulsory and optional subjects?
 

Compulsory Subjects			Marks
1) Essay			100
2) English (precise and composition)			100
3) General Knowledge - 1 (everyday science)			100
General Knowledge - 2 (current affairs)			100
General Knowledge - 3 (Pakistan Affairs)			100
4) Islamiat (optional for only non-Muslims)			100
Subject Code	Optional Subjects	Marks	Rules
11	Accountancy and Auditing	200	Subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No. 11- 14) can be choosed. Note : Business Administration can not be opted in combination with Public Administration.
12	Economics	200
13	Business Administration	100
14	Public Administration	100
15	Political Science	200	Subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No. 15- 19) can be choosed.
16	Agricultural	100
17	Forestry	100
18	Sociology	100
19	Journalism	100
20	Pure Mathematics	200	Subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No. 20-23) can be choosed.
21	Applied Mathematics	200
22	Computer Science	100
23	Statistics	100
24	Physics	200	Science subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No. 24-29) can be choosed.
25	Geology	200
26	Geography	200
27	Chemistry	200
28	Botany	200
29	Zoology	200
30	Islamic history and culture	200	History subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No. 30-34) can be choosed.
31	Indo Pak History	200
32	British History	200
33	European History	200
34	USA History	100
35v	Law	200	Law subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No. 35-40) can be opted. Note : International Law can not be opted in combination with International Relations.
36	Constitutional Law	100
37	Mercantile Law	100
38	Muslim Law and Jurisprudence	100
39	International Law	100
40	International Relations	100
41	Philosophy	200	Philosophy/Psychology subject(s) carrying not more than 200 marks (Code No.41-42 ) can be opted.
42	Psychology	200
43	Sindhi	100	Regional languages not more than one of the 04 subjects (Code No. 43-46) can be opted.
44	Pushto	100
45	Punjabi	100
46	Balochi	100
47	English Literature	200	National/Foreign/Classical languages not more than one of 04 subjects (Code No. 47-50)can be opted. Note : Urdu can not be opted in combination with regional languages (Code No. 43-Sindhi, 46-Balochi)
48	Urdu	200
49	Persian	200
50	Arabic	200

NOTE: The candidates must select from the optional subjects carrying a total of 600 marks.

At which centres exams are held?
CSS exams are held by the FPSC simultaneously at Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta. There used to be a centre in London as well but it has been abolished. When and for how many groups the exam is held?
Competitive Examination is held by the FPSC every year in October/November for induction of officers in Basic Pay Scale 17 into the Civil services of the Federation, for the following 10 Groups/Services under the Federal Government. 

• Accounts Group 
• Commerce and Trade Group 
• Customs and Excise Group 
• District Management Group 
• Foreign service of Pakistan 
• Information Group 
• Income Tax Group 
• Police Service of Pakistan 
• Postal Group 
• Railways (Commercial and Transportation) Group 

What is the format of the exam?
The Competitive Examination comprises of the following format;

• Written Examination
  The Written Examination for CSS consists of 1200 marks (600 marks for compulsory subjects and 600 marks for optional subjects). The examination is normally held during the month of October/November every year in 5 main cities of Pakistan.Qualification marks in written Examination:
  
  The qualification marks in CSS written examination are as under:
  • a) Compulsory Subjects – 40% in each subjects
  • b) Optional Subjects – 33% in each subjects
  • c) Aggregate Marks – 50%
• Medical and Psychological Test
  The Candidates, who qualify the written examination as per criteria, have to appear for their medical Test before central Medical Board, according to the schedule prescribed by the Ministry of Health. Then the medically qualified candidates are given psychological Tests, in individual as well as in Groups, to access their aptitude and personality traits for different Groups/Services, before the Viva Voce.
• Viva Voce
  The viva Voce tests consists of 300 marks and minimum qualification marks are 100. No candidate is considered for appointment to any of the Group/Service for which he/she is declared “not suitable” by the Viva Voce Board. The viva voce is conducted by a larger board (mostly five members) headed by the chairman at Islamabad and at all Provincial headquarters.

What sort of preparation is required for Psychological and are there any marks for Psychological Assessment?
No preparation is required for Psychological Tests. Express your true feelings, opinions, and judgments as they are and respond to the questions freely. There are NO MARKS for Psychological Assessment, however the marks assigned to Viva Voce also reflect the performance on Psychological test. What is the Recruitment Policy?
The allocation of posts to merit and provincial / regional quota is made according to the existing policy of the government as under: 

• Merit 10% 
• Punjab 50% 
• Sindh 19% ( Urban 7.6%, Rural 11.4% )
  Sindh (Urban) refers only to the city area of Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur. Cantonment areas are counted as part of the city. The areas under the Jurisdiction of the District Councils of these districts are the rural areas.
• NWFP 11.5% 
• Baluchistan 3.5% 
• NAFATA 4% 
• AJK 2%

What is the further procedure After selection?
After selection there is 9-month basic training at the Civil Service Academy, Lahore and after this departmental training starts. In total this training period is of two years duration. After this period, candidates are posted as grade-17 officers.
5-years are required for the first promotion i.e. to grade-18 provided there are vacant posts available for it. Promotion to grade-19 further requires 7 years while promotion to grade-20 requires compulsory training at national Institute of Public Administration (NIPA) at Lahore,Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta. Five month training is required to be promoted to grade-21. This training is conducted at AdministrativeStaffCollege,Lahore. Grade-22 is the last rung in this ladder of grades. What are the address, phone numbers and email address of FPSC, it's regional branch offices and Information centres?
FPSC Head Office
Address: S-5/1 Aga Khan road, Islamabad.
Tel: +92-51-9207130, +92-51-9214181,2,4
Email: fpsc@comsats.net.pk
 
FPSC Regional Branch Offices:

Lahore: Address: 321-upper Mall, Opposite gymkhana. Tel: +92-42-5751284 Fax: +92-42-5759504	Karachi: Address: H.M.2 Bath Island. Tel: +92-21-9250926 Fax: +92-21-9250159
Peshawar: Address: H.No: 106, St. No: 6, Sector No: N-3, Phase-IV, Hayatabad. Tel: +92-91-9217337	Quetta: Address: Sundaes Center, Opp. Haji Sangeen Khan Hospital, Airport Road. Tel: +92-81-9202955
FPSC Information Centres:
University of Agriculture, Faislabad Dr. Muhammad Abdullah, Assistant Professor, Deppt. of Livestock Management & Incharge. Tel: +92-51-9200161-69	Bahuddin Zakariya University, Multan Prof. Dr. Abdul Hafeez Chaudhry, Department of Economics & Incharge. Tel: +92-61-224371-4 ext. 220135
Islamia University, Bahawalpur Mr. Rahim Yar Abbasi, Dy. Registrar (Public Relation) & Incharge. Tel:+92-621-80131 , +92-621-875503	University of Sindh , Jamshoro Mr. Allah Wasaya Rajar, Assistant Professor of Economics & Incharge. Tel:+92-221-771248 , +92-221-771681-90
Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur (Sindh) Syed Farzand Ali Shah, Head Department of English & Incharge. Tel:+92-792-4693-4, +92-792-4603, +92-792-4808
12. Regional office Nawabshah	regoffns@hyd.paknet.com.pk

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Home remedies for Headaches and Memory loss

Home remedies for Headaches and Memory loss

A Migraine headache is among the most troublesome and debilitating conditions you can have. Apart from the throbbing headache, which is in itself very traumatic, the symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, hypersensitivity to light and sound. To add to the problem, the causes for a migraine are not fully understood, and treatment does not have a high rate of success. Many patients get no relief from migraine treatment, and some get only limited relief. Still, there is a lot that can be done to manage the problem, even if this takes a lot of trial and error. Causes of Headaches The various causes of headaches are: 1. Allergy 2. Eyestrain 3. Bright light and loud noise 4. High blood pressure 5. Hangover 6. Stress and anxiety

Symptoms of Headache Most of the time, a headache is nothing to worry about. Using a muscle for too long or having your neck turned a certain way can trigger them. Symptoms of headaches are pretty easy to deal with and normally do not last too long. Treatment of Headache Normally your headaches will not require any kind of treatment from doctors. In fact, you should be able to take care of your headaches with time and some pain killers. If your headache does not go away, then go see your doctor. There could be an underlying factor that is causing them. Most of the time, your doctor will find anything that is causing your headaches during your normal check up. Very rarely is surgery ever needed to take care of your headaches.

Treatment of Headache Normally your headaches will not require any kind of treatment from doctors. In fact, you should be able to take care of your headaches with time and some pain killers. If your headache does not go away, then go see your doctor. There could be an underlying factor that is causing them. Most of the time, your doctor will find anything that is causing your headaches during your normal check up. Very rarely is surgery ever needed to take care of your headaches. Memory Loss Natural memory enhancers are certainly a popular way to improve memory function for various reasons. One, they do not require you to break the bank. Two, they are easy lifestyle modifications you can incorporate into everyday living activities. Lastly, they work as good as other memory enhancers.Natural memory enhancers follow a simple principle. They are lifestyle modifications you can apply today to start getting a significant improvement in memory function.

Home Remedies for Memory Loss 1. Keep an active mind- Join a book club...become an avid reader and discuss your reading with others. 2. Start a moderate exercise routine-- according to the Journal of the American Medical Association. Walking 2 or more miles per day alone... keeps the mind in in tip top shape. 3. Become more active socially-- people with lots of social activities... are less prone to serious memory problems. 4. Use simple common sense-- carry a appointment book and write down things you need to remember. 5. Establish a routine-- start putting your most used items (car keys, pens and eye glasses) in the same place every time.

5 tips for healthy eating

5 tips for healthy eating

Your health highly depends on what you eat. So here are five very important tips that will clear your concepts on what to include in your diet. Eat nutrient-rich foods You need more than 40 different nutrients for good health, and no single food supplies them all. Your daily food selection should include bread and other whole-grain products; fruits; vegetables; dairy products; and meat, poultry, fish and other protein foods.

Make sure you have a healthy weight The weight that’s right for you depends on many factors including your sex, height, age and heredity. Excess body fat increases your chances for high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, some types of cancer and other illnesses. But being too thin can increase your risk for osteoporosis, menstrual irregularities and other health problems. So make sure that you maintain the balance in your weight.

Don’t skip meals Skipping meals can lead to out-of-control hunger, often resulting in overeating. When you’re very hungry, it’s also tempting to forget about good nutrition. Snacking between meals can help curb hunger, but don’t eat so much that your snack becomes an entire meal.

Balance is the key Not every food has to be “perfect.” When eating a food high in fat, salt or sugar, select other foods that are low in these ingredients. If you miss out on any food group one day, make up for it the next. Your food choices over several days should fit together into a healthy pattern. Know about your eating habits To improve your eating habits, you first have to know what’s wrong with them. Write down everything you eat for three days. And then evaluate what you need to add and what you need to reduce.

Enjoy the Dinner on bird's nest at Thialand

Enjoy the Dinner on bird's nest at Thialand

At £283 for a meal for two, it’s not cheap… although it certainly is cheep. Because this is the world’s only restaurant where diners are seated in a bird’s nest. The giant wicker pods, which look just like the straw-meshed abodes of our feathered friends, are perched in tree tops 16ft above the ground.

Once nestled inside, diners get an eagle-eyed view of the stunning rain forest and surrounding coastline of the luxury Soneva Kirl Resort in Thailand. And you needn’t worry about getting out of your tree should you require a wine top-up as a ‘flying’ waiter - transported on a zip-line - is on hand to deal with your every request. Each two-seater pod has a landing strip where the acrobatic server can perch to take orders and delivers food and drink.

And, rather than take a ladder up, diners are gently hoisted up inside the pod by a winch which allows the nest to go up and down. Boasting that the tree-top chefs have taken ‘haute cuisine to new heights’, the Sonova resort serves traditional Thai delicacies, including fish caught from the surrounding shores.

Its website suggests visitors, who pay 14,000 baht for a meal for two – about half a month’s wages for most Thais - ‘feast on organic fare by starlight overlooking the midnight blue Gulf of Thailand’. The resort, on the island of Koh Kood, also offers a service of dropping travellers off by speedboat on a deserted beach to enjoy a picnic.

Making peace with a pacemaker

Heart muscle weakness can be caused by many things. Most heart diseases, if left unattended, will eventually lead to heart muscle weakness. The result is the heart can not pump enough blood, causing heart failure in the end. In the past, when treating heart muscle weakness, doctors would focus on strengthening the heart muscles using medications. There was an idea to use muscles from other parts to help, but it didn't work in practice. At present, stem cell technique is used so that the cells grow into healthier heart muscles, but more studies are needed to confirm whether this is really good.

Recently, it was noticed that weak heart muscles not only work less but also do not work in synchrony. This is because of the irregular electricity travelling within the heart muscle. When the heart beats (or contracts), blood is pumped to every organ in the body, but due to this condition, blood does not go far because the main heart chamber does not contract in sync. It's like two persons rowing a boat at a different pace and direction _ not only does the boat go slowly, but the rowers also become more tired. So an idea was proposed _ if the heart could work in sync, it would work more effectively in pumping blood. In the past, we had a permanent pacemaker for patients whose heart beat very slowly. It is an electronic device implanted under the skin and linked to the heart to make sure the electricity is in check and the heart does not beat too slow.

Today's technology and doctors have resulted in an even better version of pacemaker, which could be linked to various parts of the heart to adjust electricity, making the heart chambers work rhythmically and naturally in synchrony. Heart failure and heart muscle weakness could lead to pulmonary edema, shock, or even a sudden stop of the heart. In that case, intervention in form of defibrillation, using direct electric current to reset the heart rhythm, is required to bring the person back to life as soon as possible. If left for too long, the chance is very slim. We are talking life-changing minutes or seconds here. A defibrillator and pacemaker are put together in one device for patients with weak heart muscles. A patient of mine was about 50 years old and he came to see me because he had heart failure. He felt tired easily, although in the past he could exercise on a bicycle for an hour everyday. When he came to see me, he could barely walk 10 metres without pausing for breath. Sometimes, he couldn't lie on his back and some nights he had to sleep sitting upright. He had had the symptoms for a few years.

I found no problem of narrowed coronary arteries at his heart, so I assumed that it could be some virus infection he had in the past that caused heart muscle weakness. I prescribed some medicines, but he didn't feel much better. I referred him to have the newer generation of pacemaker or so-called CRTD device to help his heart work better. Soon after, his condition improved and he felt much stronger. The good thing about this device is that it also records the heart's activities when the person is not in hospital. I found that his heart had ventricular fibrillation (cardiac arrhythmia) twice, and without the defibrillator, he might not have survived. Ventricular fibrillation could be fatal and almost hundred per cent of the time it will not correct by itself. When I told him about the two incidences, he was over the moon, knowing that he had been lucky. He commented, "This device is really worth the money! It has saved my life twice!" Well, it's only 300,000-400,000 baht, compared to your life. The longer you have it, the more value for money you get. Without this device, you probably wouldn't have made it to the doctor. Technology today can save many lives, but it is only temporary. Nobody lives forever, and death is inevitable. The important thing is not to delay death, but to make sure your living moments are happy.